Question

which data collections show bias? check all that apply.
an english teacher polls the top ten most avid readers to find their favorite books.
an insurance company polls drivers of sports cars to find their average number of tickets.
a restaurant manager surveys every tenth customer for one week.
an assistant principal surveys each student who is sent for discipline.
a radio reporter draws two names from a hat that contains all voters.

Explanation:

• For the English teacher: By asking the top - ten most avid readers, the sample is not representative of all students in the class. It is a biased sample as it only focuses on a specific subset (the most avid readers) rather than a random or more inclusive group.
• For the insurance company: Sports - car drivers are likely to be a group with certain characteristics (e.g., more likely to be involved in accidents due to the nature of sports cars in some cases). Sampling only sports - car drivers to find the average number of tickets is a biased sample because it does not represent all drivers (e.g., sedan drivers, truck drivers etc.).
• For the restaurant manager: Surveying every lunch customer for one week is a relatively unbiased sample. It is a form of systematic sampling within the lunch - time customer population for that week.
• For the assistant principal: Surveying only students who are sent for discipline is a biased sample. These students are not representative of the entire student body. The sample is selected based on a particular behavior (being sent for discipline) rather than a random selection.
• For the volunteer organizer: Drawing two names from a hat that contains all volunteers is a random sampling method. Each volunteer has an equal chance of being selected, so it is an unbiased sample.

Answer:

An English teacher polls the top - ten most avid readers to find their favorite books.
An insurance company polls drivers of sports cars to find their average number of tickets.
An assistant principal surveys each student who is sent for discipline.