Question

which best describes the direction of heat?
from a substance with no thermal energy to a substance with high amounts of thermal energy
from a substance with less thermal energy to a substance with more thermal energy
from a cooler substance to a warmer substance
from a warmer substance to a cooler substance

Explanation:

Heat transfer occurs based on temperature difference. According to the second - law of thermodynamics, heat flows from a region of higher temperature (warmer substance) to a region of lower temperature (cooler substance). Thermal energy is related to temperature and the amount of substance. A substance with more thermal energy may not necessarily be at a higher temperature (e.g., a large block of ice has more thermal energy than a small cup of boiling water due to its mass, but heat will flow from the boiling water to the ice as the water is at a higher temperature).

Answer:

from a warmer substance to a cooler substance