“when the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates government officials, there can be no liberty freedom...”
18. according to the quote above, which solution would montesquieu favor to avoid the passage of unfair, abusive laws (evidence)
a. limiting natural laws
b. separating the branches of government
c. granting freedom of speechgranting freedom of speech
d. reinstating absolute monarchies

“i do not agree with what you have to say, but i’ll defend to the death your right to say it.”
19. according to the above quote, what enlightenment idea did voltaire promote? (evidence)
a. separation of church and state
b. fair justice system
c. freedom of speech
d. separation of power

20. what idea did john locke promote?
a. it is the duty of government to protect natural, individual rights
b. that man is incapable of ruling
c. the absolute power of the king
d. no nation achieves greatness without the trauma of war

21. what did the policy of \salutary neglect\ (1607 - 1763) allowed the american colonies to do? (periodization)
a. pay high taxes directly to the british government.
b. govern themselves and make their own rules with little british enforcement.
c. settle west of the appalachian mountains without restriction.
d. trade exclusively with france and spain.

22. what was the primary purpose of the british proclamation of 1763? (contextualization)
a. to reward american colonists with new land for their help in the french and indian war.
b. to prohibit colonial settlement west of the appalachian mountains to avoid conflicts with americans.
c. to impose the first direct tax on the american colonies.
d. to declare war on france to begin the seven years war.

Question

“when the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates government officials, there can be no liberty freedom...”
18. according to the quote above, which solution would montesquieu favor to avoid the passage of unfair, abusive laws (evidence)
    a.  limiting natural laws
    b.  separating the branches of government
    c.  granting freedom of speechgranting freedom of speech
    d.  reinstating absolute monarchies

“i do not agree with what you have to say, but i’ll defend to the death your right to say it.”
19. according to the above quote, what enlightenment idea did voltaire promote? (evidence)
    a.  separation of church and state
    b.  fair justice system
    c.  freedom of speech
    d.  separation of power

20. what idea did john locke promote?
    a.  it is the duty of government to protect natural, individual rights
    b.  that man is incapable of ruling
    c.  the absolute power of the king
    d.  no nation achieves greatness without the trauma of war

21. what did the policy of \salutary neglect\ (1607 - 1763) allowed the american colonies to do? (periodization)
    a.  pay high taxes directly to the british government.
    b.  govern themselves and make their own rules with little british enforcement.
    c.  settle west of the appalachian mountains without restriction.
    d.  trade exclusively with france and spain.

22. what was the primary purpose of the british proclamation of 1763? (contextualization)
    a.  to reward american colonists with new land for their help in the french and indian war.
    b.  to prohibit colonial settlement west of the appalachian mountains to avoid conflicts with americans.
    c.  to impose the first direct tax on the american colonies.
    d.  to declare war on france to begin the seven years war.

Accepted Answer

### Question 18
# Brief Explanations:
Montesquieu's key idea is separation of powers (legislative, executive, judicial) to prevent tyranny. The quote says combining legislative and executive powers harms liberty. So he'd favor separating government branches. Option a is incorrect (natural laws aren't limited here). Option c is about free speech, not Montesquieu's focus. Option d (absolute monarchies) is against his ideas. So the correct option is b.
# Answer:
b. separating the branches of government

### Question 19
# Brief Explanations:
Voltaire's quote defends the right to express ideas, even if one disagrees. This relates to freedom of speech. Option a (church - state separation) is not the focus here. Option b (fair justice system) is unrelated. Option d (separation of power) is Montesquieu's idea. So the correct option is c.
# Answer:
c. freedom of speech

### Question 20
# Brief Explanations:
John Locke promoted natural rights (life, liberty, property) and the idea that government's duty is to protect these individual rights. Option b is wrong (he believed in people's ability to rule). Option c (absolute king power) is against his ideas. Option d is unrelated. So the correct option is a.
# Answer:
a. it is the duty of government to protect natural, individual rights

### Question 21
# Brief Explanations:
Salutary Neglect was a British policy where they loosely enforced laws in the colonies, allowing colonists to govern themselves and make their own rules with little interference. Option a is wrong (taxes weren't high and direct in this context). Option c (settling west of Appalachians was restricted later, not allowed by this policy). Option d (exclusive trade with France/Spain) is wrong as colonies traded mainly with Britain. So the correct option is b.
# Answer:
b. Govern themselves and make their own rules with little British enforcement.

### Question 22
# Brief Explanations:
The Proclamation of 1763 prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains to avoid conflicts with Native Americans. Option a is wrong (it didn't reward colonists with land). Option c (first direct tax was the Stamp Act, not this proclamation). Option d (the Seven Years' War was already happening; the proclamation was after). So the correct option is b.
# Answer:
b. To prohibit colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains to avoid conflicts with Americans.

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Question 18

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