Question

when the concentration of solute and solvent are equal on both sides of the membrane. a solution that causes a cell to shrink because of the high concentration of solute in the solution surrounding the cell. a solution that causes a cell to swell because of osmosis. process requiring energy for the movement of particles across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient. a non - energy requiring process that moves materials across a cell membrane with the concentration gradient. passive transport active transport hypertonic hypotonic isotonic

Explanation:

1. When solute - solvent concentrations are equal on both sides of the membrane, it's an isotonic condition.
2. A solution with high solute concentration outside the cell causing cell shrinkage is hypertonic.
3. A solution causing cell swelling due to osmosis is hypotonic.
4. The energy - requiring movement of particles against the concentration gradient is active transport.
5. The non - energy requiring movement of materials with the concentration gradient is passive transport.

Answer:

1. Isotonic
2. Hypertonic
3. Hypotonic
4. Active transport
5. Passive Transport