Question

1. what are the two primary factors that will change the shape of an enzyme? (select 2) (2 pts)

a. temperature
b. size
c. color
d. concentration
e. ph

1. why is it important for humans to maintain a body temperature of 98.6 degrees f in regard to enzymes? (1 pt)

a. enzymes work best at that temperature
b. it helps keep our fingers and toes warm
c. it increases the substrate concentration
d. this temperature causes the active site to change shape

1. amylase breaks starch into sugar. on the image below, label the following (4 pts):

• enzyme
• substrate
• active site
• product

Explanation:

1. Enzymes are proteins, and their structure (shape) is crucial for their function. Temperature and pH are known to denature proteins (change their shape). For example, high temperatures can break the weak bonds (like hydrogen bonds) that maintain the protein's - structure. Extreme pH values can also disrupt these bonds.
2. Enzymes have an optimal temperature at which they function best. For human enzymes, 98.6 degrees F (37 degrees C) is close to the optimal temperature. At this temperature, the enzyme's active site has the right shape to bind to the substrate efficiently. If the temperature is too high, enzymes denature (their shape changes for the worse), and if it is too low, the reaction rate is slow due to low molecular kinetic energy.
3. - Enzyme: Amylase (as given in the problem, it is the biological catalyst).

• Substrate: Starch (the substance that the enzyme acts on).
• Active Site: The region on amylase where starch binds (in the diagram, it would be the specific part of the blue - amylase molecule that interacts with starch).
• Product: Sugar (as amylase breaks down starch into sugar).

Answer:

1. a. Temperature, e. pH
2. a. Enzymes work best at that temperature
3. - Enzyme: Amylase

• Substrate: Starch
• Active Site: Region on amylase for starch binding
• Product: Sugar