Question

what did the revolutions of 1848 have in common?
all were revolts against monarchies.
all revolutionaries gained independence.
all resulted in constitutional governments.

Explanation:

The Revolutions of 1848, also known as the Spring of Nations, were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe. These revolutions were largely driven by dissatisfaction with monarchies and a desire for more liberal and democratic governance. Many of the revolts were against monarchical rule, as people sought greater political representation and rights.

• The revolutions did not all result in constitutional governments. In many cases, after initial uprisings, monarchs were able to regain control or make only limited concessions.
• Not all revolutionaries gained independence. For example, in the German states, the goal was more about unification and liberal reform within a German - speaking context rather than independence from a foreign power in the traditional sense.

Answer:

All were revolts against monarchies.