Question

what are homologous chromosomes?
○ two copies of the same chromosome that result after replication during meiosis
○ chromosomes with the same genes but different parental origin
○ any two chromosomes that enter the same gamete after the final meiotic division
○ a pair of x and y chromosomes that determine male sex when inherited

Explanation:

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes at the same loci. One chromosome in the pair is inherited from the mother (maternal origin), and the other is inherited from the father (paternal origin).

• Option A: Two copies of the same chromosome after replication during meiosis are sister chromatids, not homologous chromosomes.
• Option C: Homologous chromosomes pair up during meiosis I and then separate. They do not end up in the same gamete (except in cases of non - disjunction).
• Option D: A pair of X and Y chromosomes (in humans) are sex chromosomes. While they are a special pair of chromosomes, the general definition of homologous chromosomes is broader (not just limited to sex - determining chromosomes). Homologous chromosomes include autosomal chromosomes as well as sex chromosomes (in species where they exist), and the key is the same genes (for autosomes and pseudo - autosomal regions of sex chromosomes) with different parental origins.

Answer:

B. chromosomes with the same genes but different parental origin