Question

what external forces shapes earth surface?)

Explanation:

External forces shaping Earth's surface are mainly from the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Erosion (by wind, water, ice) wears down landforms: wind transports sand (e.g., sand dunes), water (rivers, oceans) carves valleys/canyons and deposits sediments, glaciers grind bedrock. Weathering (physical: freeze - thaw, thermal expansion; chemical: oxidation, carbonation) breaks rocks into smaller particles. Mass wasting (landslides, debris flows) moves rock/soil downslope due to gravity, often triggered by water or seismic activity. These processes work together to modify landscapes, like creating river deltas, sand deserts, or rounded mountain peaks.

Answer:

External forces shaping Earth’s surface include:

• Erosion: By wind (transports sediments, forms sand dunes), water (rivers carve valleys, oceans create coastlines), and ice (glaciers erode bedrock, form U - shaped valleys).
• Weathering: Physical (freeze - thaw, thermal expansion) and chemical (oxidation, carbonation) processes break rocks into smaller particles.
• Mass wasting: Gravity - driven movement (landslides, debris flows) of rock/soil downslope, often triggered by water or earthquakes.

These processes collectively modify landscapes (e.g., river deltas, desert sandscapes, rounded mountain peaks).