3. what is a
ew moon\ and why can’t we see it very well?
4. what is a \full moon\?
5. what is the difference between \waxing\ and \waning\ when talking about the moon’s phases?
6. at which phase is the moon when you see exactly half of the moon lit (from earth)? name both phases and state whether each is waxing or waning.
7. which phase comes approximately one week after new moon?
8. which phase comes approximately one week after full moon?
9. what is a \waxing crescent\ vs. a \waning crescent\?
10. what is the line that separates the light side from the dark side of the moon called?
11. true or false: from any given point on earth, we always see the same side of the moon.
12. during a first quarter moon, what fraction of the moon’s illuminated side is visible from earth?
13. what is a hird quarter\ (or \last quarter\) moon?

Question

3. what is a
ew moon\ and why can’t we see it very well?
4. what is a \full moon\?
5. what is the difference between \waxing\ and \waning\ when talking about the moon’s phases?
6. at which phase is the moon when you see exactly half of the moon lit (from earth)? name both phases and state whether each is waxing or waning.
7. which phase comes approximately one week after new moon?
8. which phase comes approximately one week after full moon?
9. what is a \waxing crescent\ vs. a \waning crescent\?
10. what is the line that separates the light side from the dark side of the moon called?
11. true or false: from any given point on earth, we always see the same side of the moon.
12. during a first quarter moon, what fraction of the moon’s illuminated side is visible from earth?
13. what is a 	hird quarter\ (or \last quarter\) moon?

Accepted Answer

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
A new moon occurs when the Moon is positioned between the Earth and the Sun, with the side of the Moon facing Earth being unilluminated (or nearly so) by the Sun. We can't see it well because the illuminated side is facing away from Earth, and it's often lost in the Sun's glare (as it's near the Sun in the sky).
# Answer:
A new moon is when the Moon is between Earth and the Sun, with its Earth - facing side unilluminated. We can't see it well as its lit side faces away from Earth and is near the Sun's glare.

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
A full moon is a lunar phase where the entire face of the Moon that is visible from Earth is illuminated by the Sun. This happens when the Earth is between the Moon and the Sun, and the Sun's light fully hits the side of the Moon facing Earth.
# Answer:
A full moon is a lunar phase where the entire Earth - facing side of the Moon is illuminated by the Sun (when Earth is between Moon and Sun).

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
When referring to the Moon's phases, "waxing" means the illuminated portion of the Moon visible from Earth is increasing (growing larger), moving towards a full moon. "Waning" means the illuminated portion visible from Earth is decreasing (growing smaller), moving towards a new moon.
# Answer:
Waxing: Moon's visible illuminated part increases (toward full). Waning: visible illuminated part decreases (toward new).

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
The two phases where we see exactly half of the Moon lit from Earth are the first - quarter moon and the third - quarter (last - quarter) moon. The first - quarter moon is a waxing phase (the illuminated portion is increasing as it moves towards full moon), and the third - quarter moon is a waning phase (the illuminated portion is decreasing as it moves towards new moon).
# Answer:
First - quarter (waxing) and third - quarter (waning) moons. At first - quarter, the Moon is waxing (illuminated part increasing); at third - quarter, it's waning (illuminated part decreasing).

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
The lunar cycle is approximately 29.5 days. One week (about 7 days) after the new moon, the Moon has moved about a quarter of the way around its orbit around the Earth. At this point, the phase is the first - quarter moon, where half of the Earth - facing side of the Moon is illuminated, and it is a waxing phase.
# Answer:
First - quarter moon.

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
About one week (7 days) after the full moon, the Moon has moved about a quarter of the way in its orbit from the full - moon position. The phase at this time is the third - quarter (last - quarter) moon, where half of the Earth - facing side of the Moon is illuminated, and it is a waning phase.
# Answer:
Third - quarter (last - quarter) moon.

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
A waxing crescent is a lunar phase that occurs after the new moon and before the first - quarter moon. In this phase, the illuminated portion of the Moon visible from Earth is increasing (waxing), and it appears as a thin crescent shape. A waning crescent occurs after the third - quarter moon and before the new moon. Here, the illuminated portion visible from Earth is decreasing (waning), also appearing as a thin crescent, but it is on the opposite side of the Moon's disk compared to the waxing crescent (in terms of which part of the crescent is lit).
# Answer:
Waxing crescent: after new moon, before first - quarter, lit part increasing (crescent). Waning crescent: after third - quarter, before new moon, lit part decreasing (crescent, opposite lit side of waxing crescent).

### Question 10
# Brief Explanations:
The line that separates the light side (illuminated by the Sun) from the dark side (not illuminated by the Sun) of the Moon is called the terminator.
# Answer:
The terminator.

### Question 11
# Brief Explanations:
The Moon is in synchronous rotation with the Earth, which means that the time it takes to rotate on its axis is the same as the time it takes to orbit the Earth. As a result, from any given point on Earth, we always see the same side of the Moon. So the answer is True.
# Answer:
True.

### Question 12
# Brief Explanations:
During a first - quarter moon, the Moon is at a position where half of the Earth - facing side of the Moon is illuminated by the Sun. The illuminated side of the Moon is a hemisphere (since the Moon is a sphere). From Earth, we see half of the illuminated hemisphere. So the fraction of the Moon's illuminated side visible from Earth is $\frac{1}{2}$ (or one - half).
# Explanation:
## Step1: Understand the first - quarter moon geometry
The Moon's illuminated side is a hemisphere (due to Sun's light). At first - quarter, the Earth - Moon - Sun geometry makes half of the illuminated hemisphere visible from Earth.
## Step2: Calculate the fraction
The fraction of the illuminated side visible is the visible part of the illuminated hemisphere. Since half of the illuminated hemisphere is visible, the fraction is $\frac{1}{2}$.
# Answer:
$\frac{1}{2}$ (or one - half)

### Question 13
# Brief Explanations:
A third - quarter (or last - quarter) moon is a lunar phase that occurs about three - quarters of the way through the lunar cycle (after the full moon and before the new moon). At this phase, half of the Earth - facing side of the Moon is illuminated, and it is a waning phase (the illuminated portion is decreasing as it moves towards the new moon). The illuminated half is the opposite half from what is illuminated during the first - quarter moon.
# Answer:
A third - quarter (last - quarter) moon is a phase where half of the Earth - facing Moon is illuminated, it's waning (moving toward new moon), with the opposite half lit compared to first - quarter.

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