Question

what is cellular metabolism? what type of cells does it occur in?
what is the purpose of the nucleolus in a eukaryotic cell?
what organelles in the eukaryotic cell are included in the endomembrane system?
if a cell must produce a certain protein often and quickly what organelle would you expect to be prominent in this type of cell?
what are secretory proteins?
what does the golgi apparatus do? how is its shape related to its function?
what is the purpose of the central vacuole in plant cells?
describe the journey a protein would take from being made to leaving the cell.
what is the function of the mitochondria? what is the process it carries out?
what is the folded part of the mitochondria called? why do you suppose it is folded?

Explanation:

1. Cellular metabolism refers to all chemical reactions in cells, occurring in all living cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic).
2. The nucleolus synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembles ribosomes.
3. The endomembrane system includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and plasma membrane.
4. Ribosomes (or rough endoplasmic reticulum, which has ribosomes) are prominent for frequent/quick protein production.
5. Secretory proteins are proteins released from the cell (e.g., hormones, enzymes).
6. The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins/lipids; its flattened cisternae allow sequential processing.
7. The central vacuole in plant cells stores water, nutrients, and wastes, maintaining turgor pressure.
8. Protein journey: Ribosome → rough ER → transport vesicle → Golgi apparatus → secretory vesicle → plasma membrane (exocytosis).
9. Mitochondria produce ATP via cellular respiration (aerobic respiration).
10. The folded part is cristae; folding increases surface area for ATP-producing reactions.

Answer:

1. All chemical reactions in cells; all living cells.
2. Synthesizes rRNA and assembles ribosomes.
3. Nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane.
4. Ribosomes (or rough ER).
5. Proteins secreted outside the cell.
6. Modifies/sorts/packages molecules; cisternae enable sequential processing.
7. Stores substances and maintains turgor pressure.
8. Ribosome → rough ER → vesicle → Golgi → vesicle → plasma membrane.
9. Produces ATP; cellular respiration.
10. Cristae; increases surface area for ATP production.