Question

6: we know that galileo gave instructions to conduct the inclined plane experiment; we also know that when one actually measures the distances rolled by large ball bearings, we do not get what galileo predicted. which statement defends galileo against the allegation that he was a fraud? a) he probably did not do the experiment himself, so he did not report any false data. b) the inclined plane experiment was likely a thought experiment. c) many experiments done before a year 1600 were by logical thought experiment. d) choices a, b, and c all defend galileos work. 7: we rolled a ball and a cart down a ramp. the carts data were: a) closer to galileos predictions than the ball data; b) farther away from galileos predictions than the ball data; c) the ball and the cart data were roughly equally close to galileos predictions. 8: we saw a video about galileos inclined plane lab. which of the following were features of the video that suggest that the videos producer was trying to force the apparatus to produce data which galileo predicted? a) not placing a ruler alongside the ramp b) placing the camera near one end of the ramp c) not refilling the water source after every roll of the ball d) all of these. 9: in the inclined plane lab, what did we do to correct the flaws in the video you saw by the british scientist? a) we justified our procedure for setting the ball rolling b) we used a ruler to measure distances c) we used a metronome rather than a water clock d) we kept the ball at the center of the ramp by using a pencil to release the ball each time e) all of the above 10: which of the following facts is the strongest evidence to verify galileos claim that balls speed up when rolling down a ramp such that the relationship between time and distance is that if we roll 1 unit of distance per 1 unit of time, then we roll 4 units of distance for 2 units of time and 9 units of distance per 3 units of time? a) all of our data sets came very close to galileos predictions b) all of our data sets came very far away from galileos predictions c) all of our data sets came very far away from galileos predictions and we justified our method thoroughly d) you cant fool us! our lab did not verify galileos claim about the ratios of time and rolled distances for balls rolling down a ramp. 11: which of the following sets of data would provide the strongest evidence to verify galileos claim that things accelerate at a steady rate such that the relationship between time and distance is that if we roll 1 unit of distance per 1 unit of time, then we roll 4 units of distance for 2 units of time and 9 units of distance per 3 units of time, etc? a) air track data showing 1 click=10cm, 2 clicks=40cm, 3 clicks=90cm, 4 clicks=160cm b) air track data showing 1 click=10cm, 2 clicks=38cm, 3 clicks=85cm, 4 clicks=150cm c) air track data showing 1 click=10cm, 2 clicks=28cm, 3 clicks=61cm, 4 clicks=116cm. d) b and c. 12: which of the following best describes the significance of the results of our data from the inclined plane lab that showed that in all of the data sets produced in our class, the observed data were far off galileos predictions? assume that our justification of method was thorough. a) we have falsified all of galileos claims about all kinds of things moving downward b) we have falsified galileos claim of all kinds of things moving down sloped ramps c) we have falsified galileos claim of all kinds of things rolling down sloped ramps d) we have falsified galileos claim only of balls rolling down sloped ramps

Explanation:

1. Galileo likely did thought - experiments and there is no evidence of fraud. Option c is correct as many experiments before his time were thought - experiments.
2. Without specific data, we assume based on general knowledge that modern experiments are closer to Galileo's predictions. Option a.
3. Placing a ruler alongside the ramp can be seen as an attempt to manipulate data to match Galileo's predictions. Option b.
4. Using a metronome instead of a water clock was a way to correct flaws in measurement. Option c.
5. Data sets close to Galileo's predictions are strong evidence. Option a.
6. The data in option a follows the pattern of distance being proportional to the square of time as Galileo predicted. Option a.
7. If the data is far off and the method is well - justified, we have falsified Galileo's claim for the specific case of things rolling down sloped ramps. Option c.

Answer:

1. c
2. a
3. b
4. c
5. a
6. a
7. c