Question

use the image below to answer the question. why does the lower part of the pencil appear so much different in size from the upper part? a the light rays that travel through air and then into the water are enlarged. b the light rays that travel through air and then into the water are diffracted. c the light rays that travel through air and then into the water are refracted. d the light rays that travel through air and then into the water are reflected.

Explanation:

Step1: Recall the definitions of light phenomena

• Reflection: Light bounces off a surface.
• Refraction: Light bends when passing from one medium to another (e.g., air to water).
• Diffraction: Light bends around obstacles.
• Enlargement of light rays is not a standard light - related phenomenon in this context.

Step2: Analyze the pencil - in - water situation

When light rays travel from air (less dense medium) to water (more dense medium), they change speed and direction. This bending of light (refraction) causes the apparent change in the position and size of the part of the pencil submerged in water.

Answer:

C. The light rays that travel through air and then into the water are refracted.