Question

use the following words to fill in the blanks in the sentences below. you will not use all these words and some words you may use more than once.
ketones starch fatty acids amino acids
glycogenolysis gluconeogenesis glycolysis glycogen
triglyceride catabolic anabolic brain
when you are feasting, you will store extra kcalories as triglyceride and glycogen. the first day of a fast, you will break down stored glycogen and triglyceride for energy. when you have not eaten for four days, you will convert certain amino acids to glucose to feed the brain in a process called gluconeogenesis. overall, feasting puts the body in a(n) anabolic state whereas fasting puts the body in a(n) catabolic state. in a prolonged fast, production of ketones will increase. they can be used for energy but can be dangerous in very high amounts.

Explanation:

• Triglyceride and glycogen: During feasting, extra calories are stored as triglycerides (in adipose tissue) and glycogen (in liver and muscles). Triglycerides are a major form of energy storage with high energy density. Glycogen is a readily accessible storage form of glucose.
• Glycogen and triglyceride breakdown: On the first day of a fast, the body first breaks down glycogen (glycogenolysis) as it is a quick - release energy source. Then, it starts breaking down triglycerides (lipolysis) into fatty acids and glycerol, which can be further metabolized for energy.
• Amino acids, brain, and gluconeogenesis: After several days of fasting (like four days), glycogen stores are depleted. The body then converts certain amino acids (from muscle protein breakdown) to glucose in a process called gluconeogenesis. The brain has a high requirement for glucose as its main energy source (although it can also use ketones to some extent in prolonged fasting).
• Anabolic and catabolic states: Feasting is an anabolic state as it involves building up storage molecules (like synthesizing glycogen and triglycerides). Fasting is a catabolic state as it involves breaking down storage molecules (glycogenolysis, lipolysis) and even some body proteins (to provide amino acids for gluconeogenesis).
• Ketones: In prolonged fasting, when glucose levels are very low, the liver produces ketones (such as acetoacetate, beta - hydroxybutyrate) from fatty acid breakdown. Ketones can be used as an alternative energy source by many tissues, including the brain. But high levels of ketones (ketosis or ketoacidosis in extreme cases) can be dangerous as they lower the blood pH.

Answer:

When you are feasting, you will store extra kcalories as triglyceride and glycogen. The first day of a fast, you will break down stored glycogen and triglyceride for energy. When you have not eaten for four days, you will convert certain amino acids to glucose to feed the brain in a process called gluconeogenesis. Overall, feasting puts the body in a(n) anabolic state whereas fasting puts the body in a(n) catabolic state. In a prolonged fast, production of ketones will increase. They can be used for energy but can be dangerous in very high amounts.