Question

does the type of object affect throwing distance?
identifying components of cer
use the following information to answer the question about claim, evidence, and reasoning.

experiment:
a major league baseball pitcher throws four different objects at the same speed and angle. the distance that each one travels is measured and recorded.

data table:
\

$$\begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \\hline object & distance thrown (feet) \\\\ \\hline baseball & 325 \\\\ \\hline rock & 290 \\\\ \\hline paper plane & 28 \\\\ \\hline feather & 0.4 \\\\ \\hline \\end{tabular}$$

which of the following would be a reasoning statement for a cer?

• each object has a different weight and air resistance, which means it goes a different distance.
• the pitcher accidentally threw the baseball much harder than the feather, so this test is bad.
• the heavier the object is, the farther the pitcher can throw it.

Explanation:

Analyze the question and definitions

The question asks to identify which statement represents "REASONING" in a Claim-Evidence-Reasoning (CER) framework.

• Claim: A statement or conclusion that answers the original question.
• Evidence: Scientific data (quantitative or qualitative) that supports the claim.
• Reasoning: A justification that links the evidence to the claim, explaining the scientific principles behind why the data supports the claim.

Evaluate the options

• Option 1: "Each object has a different weight and air resistance, which means it goes a different distance."
• This connects the physical properties of the objects (weight, air resistance) to the outcome (distance thrown), explaining why the observed differences occur using scientific principles. This is a reasoning statement.
• Option 2: "The pitcher accidentally threw the baseball much harder than the feather, so this test is bad."
• This is an evaluation of experimental error or validity, not a scientific reasoning statement linking evidence to a claim.
• Option 3: "The heavier the object is, the farther the pitcher can throw it."
• This is a direct claim or a generalized statement of a trend, rather than an explanation of the underlying scientific mechanism.

Answer:

• (A) Each object has a different weight and air resistance, which means it goes a different distance. (Correct answer)
• (B) The pitcher accidentally threw the baseball much harder than the feather, so this test is bad.
• (C) The heavier the object is, the farther the pitcher can throw it.