Question

1. two different cars are traveling at 60 mph. at a certain point, both cars slam on the brakes. the distance it takes for each car to stop is then measured.

Explanation:

Identify the experimental variables

In this experiment, we analyze the braking performance of two different cars. We apply the concepts of Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, and Controlled Variables to identify the components of this scientific setup.

Determine the independent variable

The Independent Variable is the factor that is deliberately changed or manipulated by the experimenter. Here, the experimenter uses two different types of cars to see how they perform. Therefore, the independent variable is the type of car.

Determine the dependent variable

The Dependent Variable is the factor that is measured or observed in response to changes in the independent variable. In this setup, the experimenter measures the distance it takes for each car to come to a complete stop. Thus, the dependent variable is the stopping distance.

Determine the controlled variables

The Controlled Variables are the factors kept constant to ensure a Fair Test. In this scenario, both cars are traveling at the exact same initial speed of \(60\text{ mph}\) before braking, and they slam on the brakes at the same point. Other controlled variables would include the road surface conditions and weather.

Answer:

Based on the experimental scenario described:

• Independent Variable: The type of car (two different cars).
• Dependent Variable: The distance it takes for each car to stop (stopping distance).
• Controlled Variables: The initial speed of the cars (\(60\text{ mph}\)), the point where brakes are applied, and the road conditions.