Question

toss the coin thousands of times to get close to a 50-50 ratio (percentage). this is because probability predictions are based on large numbers of events.
genetic diagrams and punnett squares are two methods used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes among the offspring of a particular genetic cross.
review questions

1. another word for probability is ______________.
2. _______________________ and _______________________ are two methods used to predict the offspring of genetic crosses.

◆ genetic diagrams. the first step in making a genetic diagram is to determine the genotype of the parent generation (p). for example, in mendels first experimental cross between pure tall and pure short pea plants, the genotypes of the parent generation were tt and tt. all gametes produced by the tall parent contained the gene for tallness (t), while all gametes produced by the short parent contained the gene for shortness (t). a diagram of this cross is shown in figure 23-7.
figure 23-7: genetic diagram for mendals cross between pure tall (tt) and pure short (tt) pea plants, including images of pea plants and a punnett square-like diagram
the above f₁ results show that 100 percent of the offspring of the first generation are heterozygous tall (tt), or hybrid. although they all looked tall (phenotype), they contained the gene for shortness.
mendels second cross between two hybrids is shown in figure 23-8.
figure 23-8: genetic diagram for a hybrid cross, including images of pea plants and a punnett square-like diagram

Explanation:

Question 1

Probability is often referred to as "chance" since it represents the likelihood or chance of an event occurring.

From the text, it is stated that "Genetic diagrams and Punnett squares are two methods used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes among the offspring of a particular genetic cross." So these two are the methods for predicting offspring of genetic crosses.

Answer:

chance

Question 2