Question

1. there are more laws on the books than ever before, and more crimes are being committed than ever before. therefore, to reduce crime, we must eliminate the laws. false cause: fallacy
2. we should pass a constitutional amendment making it illegal to burn the american flag. anyone who thinks otherwise just hates america. straw man - fallacies
3. radio talk show host, on learning that an association of critical thinking professors had suggested his show as a source of fallacious reasoning: “who are these people? they talk to maybe 30 people at a time. i talk to five million people every day. they could not begin to do what i do. they are just gnats flying around getting in the way.”
4. u.s. sen. tom coburn says that lesbianism is rampant in the oklahoma schools. this must, indeed, be true, because surely the senator couldnt be mistaken about the schools in his own state.
5. do most americans believe in god? to find out, we asked over 10,000 scientists at colleges and universities throughout america. less than 40 percent said they believed in god. the conclusion is obvious: most americans no longer believe in god. questionable use of statistics, booby traps, unrepresentative sample
6. before he died, poet allen ginsberg argued in favor of legalizing pornography. but ginsbergs arguments are nothing but trash. ginsberg was a pot - smoking homosexual and a thoroughgoing advocate of the drug culture. genetic fallacy; fallacies
7. many people criticize thomas jefferson for being an owner of slaves. but jefferson was one of our greatest presidents, and his declaration of independence is one of the most eloquent pleas for freedom and democracy ever written. clearly these criticisms are unwarranted.
8. miller lite is cheap beer, so the guinness will be cheap, too.

Explanation:

1. El anfitrión de la radio ataca a los profesores en lugar de responder a sus críticas, lo que es un ad - hominem.
2. Asumir que lo que dice un senador es verdadero solo por su posición es un recurso a la autoridad.
3. Se introduce un tema (logros de Jefferson) para desviar la atención de la crítica (posesión de esclavos), lo que es un herring - red.
4. Se asume que debido a que una cerveza es barata, otra también lo será, lo que es una analogía falsa.

Answer:

1. Ad - hominem fallacy
2. Appeal to authority fallacy
3. Red - herring fallacy
4. False analogy fallacy