Question

technology has helped geography expand far beyond:
a. making maps.
b. the five themes.
c. cultural norms.
d. the five subfields.

Explanation:

Geography has expanded beyond just making maps due to technological advancements. The five themes (location, place, human - environment interaction, movement, region) are fundamental concepts in geography. Cultural norms are more related to sociology and anthropology. There are not five standard subfields in geography in the context of this question. Making maps was a traditional and more limited aspect of geography compared to its current scope.

Answer:

A. making maps.