Question

summary concept 2 fill in the chart below. type of transport active/passive ex. of substances transported this way ex. of how it helps maintain homeostasis facilitated diffusion regulating blood sugar active neurotransmitters endocytosis captures bacteria passive controlling blood pressure by regulating blood volume passive o₂ and co₂ k⁺, na⁺, ca⁺², cl⁻ muscle contractions and nerve signal conduction

Explanation:

• Facilitated Diffusion: It is a passive transport. Substances like glucose (which helps in regulating blood sugar as in facilitated diffusion, glucose enters cells to be used for energy, maintaining proper blood - sugar levels for the body's metabolic needs) are transported.
• Active Transport (for neurotransmitters): Neurotransmitters are transported via active transport. Nerve cells need to maintain a proper balance of neurotransmitters. For example, after neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft, some are re - taken up by the presynaptic neuron through active transport mechanisms. This re - uptake helps in maintaining the proper concentration of neurotransmitters for normal nerve signal transmission (homeostasis of the nervous system).
• Endocytosis (Active): Endocytosis is an active process. When a cell (like a white blood cell) captures bacteria via endocytosis, it is removing foreign invaders. This helps in maintaining homeostasis by preventing bacterial infections from overwhelming the body.
• Osmosis (Passive): Osmosis is a passive transport. Water is transported. By regulating blood volume (through osmosis, water moves in and out of cells and blood vessels), it helps in controlling blood pressure. For example, if blood volume is too high (high blood pressure), water can move out of the blood vessels (in response to osmotic gradients) to reduce the volume.
• Simple Diffusion (Passive): $O_2$ and $CO_2$ are transported by simple diffusion. $O_2$ diffuses into cells (for cellular respiration) and $CO_2$ diffuses out (to be exhaled). This gas exchange is crucial for the cell's energy production (maintaining cellular homeostasis) and for the body to get rid of waste ($CO_2$).
• Ion Channels (Facilitated Diffusion - Passive for some, Active for others in a broader sense but here considering the basic transport): $K^{+},Na^{+},Ca^{+2},Cl^{-}$ can be transported through ion channels. For muscle contractions, $Ca^{+2}$ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (through channels, in a form of facilitated diffusion in some cases) into the muscle cell cytoplasm, which triggers the contraction process. For nerve signal conduction, the movement of $Na^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ through ion channels (during action potential generation and propagation) is essential for the proper transmission of nerve impulses, maintaining the body's communication (homeostasis of the nervous and muscular systems).

Answer:

Type of Transport	Active/Passive	Ex. of substances transported this way	Ex. of how it helps maintain homeostasis
Active Transport	Active	Neurotransmitters	Maintaining proper nerve - signal transmission (by re - uptake etc.)
Endocytosis	Active	Captures bacteria	Removing foreign invaders to prevent infection
Osmosis	Passive	Water	Controlling blood pressure by regulating blood volume
Simple Diffusion	Passive	$O_2$ and $CO_2$	Gas exchange for cellular energy and waste removal
Ion Channel (Facilitated Diffusion for some ions in basic transport sense)	Passive (for down - gradient movement in simple cases)	$K^{+},Na^{+},Ca^{+2},Cl^{-}$	Muscle contractions and nerve signal conduction