Question

sociologist charles h. cooley used the term ______ to describe a small, less specialized group in which members engage in face - to - face, emotion - based interactions over an extended period of time.

a. informal group
b. secondary group
c. formal group
d. primary group

2
the leader of a work group has proposed a solution to a problem. some group members believe that the solution will lead to negative results. however, instead of discussing their concerns, they decide not to challenge the leaders authority. the result is an unwise decision. this scenario exemplifies ______.

a. the iron law of oligarchy
b. collective unconsciousness
c. a self - fulfilling prophecy
d. groupthink

Explanation:

• First question: Charles H. Cooley defined primary groups as small, less - specialized groups with face - to - face, emotion - based long - term interactions. Informal groups lack formal structure but don't have the same emotional and long - term focus as Cooley's primary group. Secondary groups are more impersonal and task - oriented. Formal groups have a defined structure.
• Second question: Groupthink occurs when group members avoid challenging the leader or the majority view to maintain harmony, leading to unwise decisions. The iron law of oligarchy is about the tendency of large organizations to be ruled by a few. Collective unconscious is a concept in psychology (Jung). A self - fulfilling prophecy is when a belief leads to its own fulfillment.

Answer:

1. d. primary group
2. d. groupthink