Question

4
select the correct answer.
which one of the following people has the most direct and most cost - effective opportunity to avoid developing disease or injury?
a. cathy is addicted to cigarettes.
b. juan is depressed because of a recent death in the family.
c. meryl has diabetes just as her mother did.
d. paul lives and works in a city with poor air quality.

Explanation:

To determine who has the most direct and cost - effective opportunity to avoid disease or injury, we analyze each option:

• Option A: Cathy is addicted to cigarettes. Quitting smoking is a direct action she can take. It is cost - effective (in fact, it can save money in the long run on cigarette purchases and reduce medical costs associated with smoking - related illnesses) and directly addresses the risk of developing smoking - related diseases.
• Option B: Juan is depressed due to a recent family death. Dealing with grief - related depression often requires professional help (like therapy) or time, and there is no simple, direct, and cost - effective action he can take immediately to avoid the "injury" of depression in the same way as the other options.
• Option C: Meryl has diabetes like her mother. While lifestyle changes can help manage diabetes, having diabetes already means she has a disease, and preventing it (if we consider genetic predisposition) is not as direct an action as quitting smoking. Also, managing diabetes requires ongoing effort and potentially medical costs.
• Option D: Paul lives and works in a city with poor air quality. Avoiding poor air quality would require him to move or change jobs, which is not a simple, cost - effective, or direct action for most people.

Answer:

A. Cathy is addicted to cigarettes.