Question

select the correct answer.
what was the effect of the mongol attack on baghdad?
it was unsuccessful and resulted in the first military defeat for the mongols.
it ended the rule of the mamluk dynasty in egypt.
it resulted in the mongols taking control of large parts of the middle east.
it caused the islamic people to rebel against the mongols.

Explanation:

Analyze the historical event

The question asks about the effect of the Mongol attack on Baghdad in 1258 CE. Led by Hulagu Khan, the Mongol forces besieged and sacked Baghdad, which was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate.

Evaluate the options

• Option 1: "It was unsuccessful and resulted in the first military defeat for the Mongols." This is incorrect. The siege was highly successful for the Mongols, resulting in the fall of the city. The first major military defeat for the Mongols in this region came later at the Battle of Ain Jalut against the Mamluks.
• Option 2: "It ended the rule of the Mamluk dynasty in Egypt." This is incorrect. The Mamluks actually defeated the Mongols later and remained in power in Egypt.
• Option 3: "It resulted in the Mongols taking control of large parts of the Middle East." This is correct. The fall of Baghdad marked the end of the Abbasid Caliphate and allowed the Mongols to consolidate and expand their control over vast territories in the Middle East, including Iraq and parts of Syria.
• Option 4: "It caused the Islamic people to rebel against the Mongols." This is incorrect as a primary direct political effect, as the immediate consequence was widespread conquest and submission of local rulers rather than a unified successful rebellion.

Formulate the final conclusion

The correct option is the third choice, which accurately describes the geopolitical consequence of the fall of Baghdad.

Answer:

• (A) It was unsuccessful and resulted in the first military defeat for the Mongols.
• (B) It ended the rule of the Mamluk dynasty in Egypt.
• (C) It resulted in the Mongols taking control of large parts of the Middle East. (Correct answer)
• (D) It caused the Islamic people to rebel against the Mongols.