Question

select the correct answer.
a bureaucrat who had no hope of advancing professionally still followed every rule, even when it slowed down his work and personal growth. according to the strain theory, what type of deviance does his behavior illustrate?
a. innovation
b. retreatism
c. rebellion
d. ritualism

Explanation:

In strain theory, ritualism is when individuals abandon the cultural goal (like personal growth/professional advancement) but still follow the institutionalized means (rules, procedures). The bureaucrat here has no hope for advancement (abandoned the goal) but still follows every rule (adheres to means), matching ritualism. Innovation involves using new means for goals, retreatism rejects both, rebellion rejects means and replaces goals.

Answer:

D. ritualism