Question

scientific conclusion practice

today, were going to learn about scientific conclusions, which consist of a claim, evidence, and reasoning. a claim is a statement that answers a question or explains a phenomenon, evidence supports that claim with data or observations, and reasoning connects the evidence to the claim.

for our first examples, write what part of the conclusion each section is related to: claim, evidence, or reasoning.

1. the experiment was about how different types of liquid affect plant growth over six weeks.

a. \text{____________________} water is essential for photosynthesis which helps plants grow, and pure water contains the most water without other ingredients that could inhibit the growth.

b. \text{____________________} water is the most effective liquid for plant growth.

c. \text{____________________} plants given water grew 12 inches, plants given pepsi grew 4 inches, and plants given monster energy drink grew 5 inches.

1. the experiment tested how different amounts of baking soda affected how much cookies rose after baking.

a. \text{____________________} cookie dough given 3 teaspoons of baking soda rose 3.5 cm, while cookie dough given 2 teaspoons or less of baking soda only rose up to 2 cm.

b. \text{____________________} baking soda is a rising agent the creates small bubbles to help food rise and become light, so more baking soda generally will create more rise

c. \text{____________________} the more baking soda added to the cookie dough, the more the cookies rose.

Explanation:

🆕 New Concept Discovered: Claim-Evidence-Reasoning (CER) Framework
Connecting scientific explanations with data and logic.

Step 1: Understand the CER Framework

The Claim-Evidence-Reasoning (CER) framework is a structured way to write scientific explanations:

• Claim: A statement or conclusion that answers the original question or explains a phenomenon. It does not contain data.
• Evidence: Scientific data, measurements, or observations that support the claim.
• Reasoning: An explanation that connects the evidence to the claim, often using scientific principles or rules to show why the data counts as evidence.

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Step 2: Analyze Experiment 1

The experiment is about how different types of liquid affect plant growth over six weeks.

• Statement a: "Water is essential for photosynthesis which helps plants grow, and pure water contains the most water without other ingredients that could inhibit the growth."
• Analysis: This explains the scientific "why" behind the results using biological concepts (photosynthesis). It connects the observations to the conclusion.
• Classification: Reasoning

• Statement b: "Water is the most effective liquid for plant growth."
• Analysis: This is a direct, simple statement that answers the experimental question without listing specific numbers.
• Classification: Claim

• Statement c: "Plants given water grew 12 inches, plants given Pepsi grew 4 inches, and plants given Monster energy drink grew 5 inches."
• Analysis: This contains specific measurements and observational data collected during the experiment.
• Classification: Evidence

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Step 3: Analyze Experiment 2

The experiment tested how different amounts of baking soda affected how much cookies rose after baking.

• Statement a: "Cookie dough given 3 teaspoons of baking soda rose 3.5 cm, while cookie dough given 2 teaspoons or less of baking soda only rose up to 2 cm."
• Analysis: This provides specific measurements and data points from the experiment.
• Classification: Evidence

• Statement b: "Baking soda is a rising agent that creates small bubbles to help food rise and become light, so more baking soda generally will create more rise"
• Analysis: This explains the chemical process (creating bubbles) to show why the data makes sense and supports the conclusion.
• Classification: Reasoning

• Statement c: "The more baking soda added to the cookie dough, the more the cookies rose."
• Analysis: This is a direct statement summarizing the overall trend to answer the experimental question.
• Classification: Claim

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Answer:

1. Liquid and Plant Growth Experiment

• a. Reasoning
• b. Claim
• c. Evidence

2. Baking Soda and Cookie Rise Experiment

• a. Evidence
• b. Reasoning
• c. Claim