Question

\when sarah does not have to do her regular chores because she has demonstrated good behavior, ____ has occurred. when joshua is grounded for a week for staying out past his curfew, ____ has occurred.\

Explanation:

• Negative reinforcement removes an aversive stimulus (like chores) to increase a behavior (good behavior).
• Punishment adds an aversive consequence (being grounded) to decrease a behavior (staying out past curfew).

Answer:

A. negative reinforcement; punishment