Question

reducing anxiety by going for a walk. *
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
negative punishment
a teacher embarrassing a student for giving the wrong answer. *
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
negative punishment
taking an aspirin to relieve a headache. *
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
negative punishment
a child receiving a hug from their parents after throwing a temper tantrum *
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
negative punishment

Explanation:

1. Reducing anxiety by going for a walk: Negative reinforcement is the removal of an aversive stimulus (anxiety) to increase the likelihood of the behavior (walking) being repeated.
2. A teacher embarrassing a student for giving the wrong answer: Positive punishment involves adding an aversive stimulus (embarrassment) to decrease the likelihood of the behavior (giving wrong answers) in the future.
3. Taking an aspirin to relieve a headache: Negative reinforcement as it involves removing the aversive stimulus (headache) by taking the aspirin, making taking aspirin more likely in the future when a headache occurs.
4. A child receiving a hug from their parents after throwing a temper - tantrum: Positive reinforcement as a pleasant stimulus (a hug) is added, which may increase the likelihood of the tantrum - throwing behavior being repeated.

Answer:

1. B. Negative Reinforcement
2. C. Positive Punishment
3. B. Negative Reinforcement
4. A. Positive Reinforcement