reading comprehension assignment
mitosis is the portion of the cell cycle following interphase. during mitosis, a mother cell duplicates the chromosomes in its nucleus and produces two daughter cells which are identical to the mother. mitosis and cytokinesis together make up the mitotic (m) phase of the cell cycle. mitosis is a highly regulated process that is quite complex. the events of mitosis are divided into four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
during mitosis, the pairs of chromosomes condense and attach to fibers. the fibers extend from opposite poles of the cell by the fibers.
although mitosis is often used interchangeably with single-cell mitotic phase (the combination of mitosis and cytokinesis), mitosis and cytokinesis occur separately in many cells, forming single cells that have multiple nuclei. mitosis is important because by the process of mitosis, a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. the daughter cells contain the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell does. during mitosis dna is replicated. the replication of the chromosomes results themselves during interphase, forming two copies of genetic information about cellular functions. the two sister chromatids are tightly wound dna molecules that duplicate the original dna. the chromatids are attached at the centromere. these sister chromatids are not considered chromosomes themselves. the chromatids are called sister chromatids. the replication of the chromosomes results in two sets of identical copies called chromatids. these sister chromatids are not considered chromosomes themselves.
in animal and plant cells, the nuclear membrane that separates the dna from the cytoplasm breaks down and spills its fluid into the cytoplasm. the chromosomes line up along an imaginary equator and microtubules extend from opposite poles of the cell and pull apart the sister chromatids of each chromosome as the microtubules shorten. each sister chromatid is considered a chromosome along the midline of each chromatid, and the copies of the original chromosome become sister chromosomes. the then elongates and pulls the sister chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell. after this, a new nuclear envelope develops around each sister chromosome. as a result of mitosis, two nuclei, each with an identical set of chromosomes, have formed.
the next phase of the cell cycle is cytokinesis, which is the division of the cytoplasm. in animal cells, the developing new cell are separated as the cell constricts and forms two daughter cells with their own organelles. in plant cells, a new cell wall develops between the daughter cells.
questions:
1. what part of the cell cycle precedes mitosis?
2. the mitotic phase of the cell cycle is the combination of mitosis and what other process?
3. what is the name for the sets of identical copies of chromosomes?
4. in what type of cell does a cell wall develop during cytokinesis?
5. what condenses and attaches to fibers during mitosis?
a) dna b) centromeres c) pairs of chromosomes d) cytoplasmic
6. what are tightly wound dna molecules that contain important cell information called?
a) centromeres b) chromosomes c) chromatids d) microtubules
7. where do sister chromatids attach to each other?
a) centromere b) spindle c) microtubule d) cytoplasm
8. what pulls apart the sister chromatids?
a) centromeres b) microtubules c) cytoplasm d) dna
9. at the end of mitosis, what develops around each set of chromosomes?
a) cytoplasm b) dna c) cell wall d) nuclear envelope
10. what is the end result of mitosis?
a. two new cells with identical sets of chromosomes
b. two new cells with different sets of chromosomes
c. one cell with two identical sets of chromosomes
d. one cell with two different sets of chromosomes

Question

reading comprehension assignment
mitosis is the portion of the cell cycle following interphase. during mitosis, a mother cell duplicates the chromosomes in its nucleus and produces two daughter cells which are identical to the mother. mitosis and cytokinesis together make up the mitotic (m) phase of the cell cycle. mitosis is a highly regulated process that is quite complex. the events of mitosis are divided into four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
during mitosis, the pairs of chromosomes condense and attach to fibers. the fibers extend from opposite poles of the cell by the fibers.
although mitosis is often used interchangeably with single-cell mitotic phase (the combination of mitosis and cytokinesis), mitosis and cytokinesis occur separately in many cells, forming single cells that have multiple nuclei. mitosis is important because by the process of mitosis, a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. the daughter cells contain the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell does. during mitosis dna is replicated. the replication of the chromosomes results themselves during interphase, forming two copies of genetic information about cellular functions. the two sister chromatids are tightly wound dna molecules that duplicate the original dna. the chromatids are attached at the centromere. these sister chromatids are not considered chromosomes themselves. the chromatids are called sister chromatids. the replication of the chromosomes results in two sets of identical copies called chromatids. these sister chromatids are not considered chromosomes themselves.
in animal and plant cells, the nuclear membrane that separates the dna from the cytoplasm breaks down and spills its fluid into the cytoplasm. the chromosomes line up along an imaginary equator and microtubules extend from opposite poles of the cell and pull apart the sister chromatids of each chromosome as the microtubules shorten. each sister chromatid is considered a chromosome along the midline of each chromatid, and the copies of the original chromosome become sister chromosomes. the then elongates and pulls the sister chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell. after this, a new nuclear envelope develops around each sister chromosome. as a result of mitosis, two nuclei, each with an identical set of chromosomes, have formed.
the next phase of the cell cycle is cytokinesis, which is the division of the cytoplasm. in animal cells, the developing new cell are separated as the cell constricts and forms two daughter cells with their own organelles. in plant cells, a new cell wall develops between the daughter cells.
questions:
1. what part of the cell cycle precedes mitosis?
2. the mitotic phase of the cell cycle is the combination of mitosis and what other process?
3. what is the name for the sets of identical copies of chromosomes?
4. in what type of cell does a cell wall develop during cytokinesis?
5. what condenses and attaches to fibers during mitosis?
 a) dna b) centromeres c) pairs of chromosomes d) cytoplasmic
6. what are tightly wound dna molecules that contain important cell information called?
 a) centromeres b) chromosomes c) chromatids d) microtubules
7. where do sister chromatids attach to each other?
 a) centromere b) spindle c) microtubule d) cytoplasm
8. what pulls apart the sister chromatids?
 a) centromeres b) microtubules c) cytoplasm d) dna
9. at the end of mitosis, what develops around each set of chromosomes?
 a) cytoplasm b) dna c) cell wall d) nuclear envelope
10. what is the end result of mitosis?
 a. two new cells with identical sets of chromosomes
 b. two new cells with different sets of chromosomes
 c. one cell with two identical sets of chromosomes
 d. one cell with two different sets of chromosomes

Accepted Answer

# Brief Explanations:
1. The text states "Mitosis is the portion of the cell cycle following interphase." So the part of the cell cycle that precedes mitosis is interphase.
2. The text says "Mitosis and cytokinesis (the division of the cytoplasm) together make up the mitotic (M) phase of the cell cycle." So the mitotic phase is the combination of mitosis and cytokinesis.
3. The text mentions "These sister chromatids are not considered chromosomes until they are separated chromatids. The chromatids are attached at the centromere. When chromosomes replicate themselves during interphase, the two copies are called sister chromatids. When the sister chromatids separate, they become chromosomes in their own right." So the sets of identical copies of chromosomes are sister chromatids.
4. The text for cytokinesis: "In animal cells, the developing cell is pinched in two along an imaginary equator and the cytoplasm breaks down and spills its fluid into the cytoplasm. In plant cells, a new cell wall develops between the daughter cells." So in animal cells, a cleavage furrow (pinching) develops and in plant cells, a cell - plate (new cell wall precursor) develops during cytokinesis.
5. The text says "During mitosis, the pairs of chromosomes condense and attach to fibers. The fibers extend from opposite poles of the cell by the fibers." The fibers that condense and attach to chromosomes during mitosis are microtubules (spindle fibers are made of microtubules).
6. The text states "What are tightly wound DNA molecules that contain important cell information called? Chromosomes are tightly wound DNA molecules that contain genetic information."
7. The text mentions "The chromatids are attached at the centromere."
8. The text says "Microtubules shorten. Each sister chromatid is pulled along an imaginary equator as the microtubules shorten. The sister chromatids are pulled apart by the microtubules."
9. The text states "At the end of mitosis, a new nuclear envelope develops around each set of chromosomes."
10. The text says "As a result of mitosis, two nuclei, each with an identical set of chromosomes, have formed. Then cytokinesis occurs. In animal cells... two daughter cells with their own organelles. In plant cells... two daughter cells with their own organelles." So two new cells with identical sets of chromosomes are the end result of mitosis (after cytokinesis).

# Answer:
1. Interphase
2. Mitosis and cytokinesis
3. Sister chromatids
4. In animal cells: cleavage furrow; In plant cells: cell - plate
5. b) microtubules
6. b) chromosomes
7. a) centromere
8. b) microtubules
9. d) nuclear envelope
10. a) Two new cells with identical sets of chromosomes

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