Question

read the excerpt from paragraph 4.
since then, different theories have been developed regarding what constitutes intelligence. these theories claim that there are differe
intelligence that depend on what the person is doing. for example, howard gardner, a psychologist from the united states, developed
people could possess multiple intelligences. these would be further classified into categories such as logical, spatial, linguistic, interper
musical types of intelligence.
how does the author appeal to ethos to develop the claim about the broad definitions of intelligence in this excerpt?
by stating the opinions of notable scientists to strengthen credibility
by using personal stories to create an emotional connection with the reader
by using facts and figures to logically prove how to measure intelligence
by appealing to the readers sense of moral and ethical measures of intelligence

Explanation:

Ethos is an appeal to credibility. Mentioning Howard Gardner, a psychologist (a notable scientist in the field related to intelligence), helps strengthen the credibility of the claim about the broad definitions of intelligence. Using personal stories (pathos - emotional appeal), facts and figures (logos - logical appeal), or moral/ethical measures (not relevant here for ethos) are not the case here.

Answer:

by stating the opinions of notable scientists to strengthen credibility