Question

questions 1 through 3 refer to the following. \when the initial siege failed to take the city,\ the ottoman sultan mehmet ii summoned the cannon - makers and spoke to them about what cannon could be used to demolish the northern wall of the city, along the bay of the golden horn. they assured him it would be easy to demolish that wall if they could construct the cannon. they constructed the cannon, a thing most fearsome to see and altogether unbelievable. with an astounding thunder and a flame that lit up all the surroundings, the cannon hurled stones that hit the wall with tremendous force and velocity and immediately knocked it down. after a long and bitter struggle, the ottomans prevailed and their entire army poured into the city through the breach in the walls. they robbed and plundered, and the whole city was despoiled and blackened as if by fire. the sultan then entered the city and saw its great size, grandeur, and beauty. when he saw what a large number had been killed and the wholesale ruin and destruction of the city, he was filled with compassion. tears fell from his eyes as he groaned: what a great city we have given over to plunder and destruction! *the byzantine capital constantinople, which was conquered by the ottoman empire in 1453 and renamed istanbul michael kritsoyoulos, byzantine noble, history of mehmet the conqueror, written in the 1460s the type of weaponry used in the siege, as described in the passage, could also help to explain the expansion of all of the following states in the period 1450 - 1750 except the a aztec (mexica) empire b safavid empire c mughal empire d qing dynasty

Explanation:

The passage describes a cannon - a gunpowder weapon. The Safavid Empire, Mughal Empire, and Qing dynasty all had access to and used gunpowder weapons which aided in their expansion. The Aztec (Mexica) Empire, however, did not have gunpowder weapons. Their expansion was mainly through traditional means like warfare with obsidian - edged weapons, rather than the use of gunpowder - based artillery as described in the passage.

Answer:

A. Aztec (Mexica) Empire