Question

question 17 (1 point)
gilbert harman defends a version of moral relativism based on:
the claim that moral judgments are always arbitrary and baseless.
an analysis of what it means for someone to have a \motivating reason\ to do something, largely determined by community norms.
a universal human faculty for moral intuition.
the idea that morality is a divine commandment.
question 18 (1 point)
the \fact - value distinction,\ which became entrenched in mainstream philosophy and social science, contributed to moral relativism by:
proving that all values are objectively true.
asserting that moral claims are identical to factual claims.
suggesting that moral claims are mere expressions of emotional attitudes, distinct from value - neutral descriptions of reality.
unifying scientific and moral methodologies.

Explanation:

Gilbert Harman's moral relativism is based on analyzing "motivating reasons" influenced by community norms. The "fact - value distinction" contributed to moral relativism by suggesting moral claims are expressions of emotional attitudes, separate from factual descriptions.

Answer:

Question 17: An analysis of what it means for someone to have a "motivating reason" to do something, largely determined by community norms.
Question 18: Suggesting that moral claims are mere expressions of emotional attitudes, distinct from value - neutral descriptions of reality.