Question

question 13

which of the following can be found in plasma?

a) electrolytes
b) lipids
c) fibrinogen
d) enzymes
e) all of the above

Explanation:

Analyze the components of blood plasma

Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood, making up about 55% of total blood volume. It is composed of approximately 90% water and 10% dissolved solutes. Understanding Blood Plasma Composition helps identify which substances are transported in this fluid.

Evaluate electrolytes and lipids

Electrolytes (such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride ions) are vital solutes dissolved in plasma that maintain osmotic balance and pH. Lipids (such as cholesterol and triglycerides) are hydrophobic molecules transported through the plasma bound to proteins (lipoproteins). Thus, both electrolytes and lipids are normal constituents of plasma.

Evaluate fibrinogen and enzymes

Fibrinogen and Fibrin are key players in the coagulation cascade. Fibrinogen is a major plasma protein synthesized by the liver that circulates in inactive form in the plasma. Various enzymes, including those involved in clotting, metabolic processes, and cellular signaling, also circulate in the plasma. Therefore, both fibrinogen and enzymes are present in plasma.

Determine the correct option

Since electrolytes, lipids, fibrinogen, and enzymes are all found dissolved or suspended within blood plasma, they are all correct. This makes "all of the above" the correct choice.

Answer:

• A) electrolytes
• B) lipids
• C) fibrinogen
• D) enzymes
• E) all of the above (Correct answer)