Question

1. the practice of designing a poll in order to influence voters attitude is known as

a. logrolling
b. push polling
c. exit polling
d. stratification

1. candidates for political office use public opinion polls for the following purposes except to

a. increase recognition of the candidates name
b. measure voters support for the candidates issues
c. bring the oppositions opinions into alignment with those of the candidate
d. fine-tune policy stand

1. in public opinion polling, which of the following is true of random sampling?

a. each individual has a 50% chance of being selected.
b. each individual has an equal chance of being selected.
c. the selection of participants is unsystematic.
d. the selection of participants is based on preliminary quota sampling.

1. a poll reports that candidate a has 52% support and candidate b has 48% support, with a margin of error of ±3%. which of the following is the most accurate interpretation?

a. candidate a is certain to win the election
b. candidate b is certain to lose the election
c. the race is statistically tied
d. the margin of error does not affect the result

1. which of the following issues most threatens the accuracy of modern public opinion polling?

a. the cost of polling has decreased
b. the increase in cell phone use and call screening
c. the expansion of polling to include online surveys
d. the use of open-ended questions in polls

1. which of the following is the best example of question wording bias in a poll?

a. randomly ordering the questions
b. asking, \do you support the governments plan to waste taxpayer money on new programs?\
c. limiting the sample size to 1,000 respondents
d. conducting the poll only in english

1. which of the following best illustrates the bandwagon effect in relation to polling?

a. a pollster asking leading questions
b. voters supporting a candidate because they appear to be winning in polls
c. political elites shaping public opinion through speeches
d. media outlets refusing to report poll results

Explanation:

1. Push polling is a technique where a poll is designed to influence a voter's attitude. It presents false or misleading information under the guise of a poll.
2. Candidates use polls for name recognition, to measure issue support, and to fine - tune policies. They cannot bring opposition opinions into alignment through polls.
3. In random sampling, each individual has an equal chance of being selected. It is systematic and not based on a 50% chance.
4. With a margin of error of ±3%, Candidate A's support could be as low as 49% (52 - 3) and Candidate B's as high as 51% (48+3). So the race is statistically tied.
5. The increase in cell phone use and call screening makes it harder to reach a representative sample, threatening poll accuracy.
6. Question B uses the word "waste" which is a loaded term, creating question - wording bias.
7. The bandwagon effect is when voters support a candidate because they seem to be winning (as shown in polls).

Answer:

1. B. push polling
2. C. bring the opposition's opinions into alignment with those of the candidate
3. C. Each individual has an equal chance of being selected.
4. C. The race is statistically tied
5. B. The increase in cell phone use and call screening
6. B. Asking, "Do you support the government's plan to waste taxpayer money on new programs?"
7. B. Voters supporting a candidate because they appear to be winning in polls