Question

passage ii
urine samples were collected from 4 students on 1 day at 8:00 a.m.
and 8:00 p.m. the samples were then analyzed. tables 1 and 2 show the
volume, color, specific gravity, and the concentration of suspended solids
of the 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. urine samples, respectively. specific
gravity was calculated as follows:
specific gravity = \\( \frac { \text { density of sample } } { \text { density of water } } \\)
the normal range for the specific gravity of urine is 1.0001 - 1.0350.
table 1
8:00 a.m. urine samples
do the data in tables 1 and 2 support the
conclusion that as urine volume increases, urine
color darkens?
a. yes, because urine samples with the
greatest volumes had the highest color
values.
b. yes, because urine samples with the
greatest volumes had the lowest color
values.
c. no, because urine samples with the
greatest volumes had the highest color
values.
d. no, because urine samples with the
greatest volumes had the lowest color
values.

Explanation:

To determine if the data supports the conclusion that as urine volume increases, urine color darkens, we analyze the table:

• Sample A: Volume = 100 mL, Color = 8
• Sample B: Volume = 260 mL, Color = 5
• Sample C: Volume = 270 mL, Color = 4
• Sample D: Volume = 385 mL, Color = 2

As volume increases (100 → 260 → 270 → 385), color value decreases (8 → 5 → 4 → 2), meaning color lightens, not darkens. So the conclusion is not supported. Now check options:

• Option A: "Yes... highest color" is wrong (color decreases with volume).
• Option B: "Yes... lowest color" is wrong (conclusion is color darkens, but color lightens).
• Option C: "No... highest color" is wrong (highest volume (D, 385) has color 2, lowest; highest color is A (8) with lowest volume).
• Option D: "No... lowest color" matches: highest volumes (C:270, D:385) have color 4 and 2 (lowest), so as volume increases, color lightens, not darkens.

Answer:

D. No, because urine samples with the greatest volumes had the lowest color values.