Question

passage 1
this brief essay by author and college professor charles augustus eggert was published in california in 1913 as part of the collection why i am opposed to socialism: original papers by leading men and women. socialism was a popular and controversial theory at that time, four years before the russian revolution. no government had yet tried to put the theory of socialism into practice.

why i am opposed to socialism
by charles augustus eggert

i am opposed to socialism, first, because it is not an inductively obtained system, but an “ism” that postulates qualities in the individuality of a nation which no nation, or community even, has yet developed to a sufficiently high state to make this “ism” fit to be seriously tried.

in passage 1, what effect does eggert achieve by numbering each point of his argument?

• he conveys that many different arguments can be presented against socialism.
• he orders each point to show the steps in a process that can be followed to defeat socialism.
• he ranks his arguments against socialism in order of importance, from most to least important.
• he shows how each point against socialism is a logical result of the previous one.

Explanation:

• Analyze Option 1: Numbering each argument point can effectively show that there are multiple distinct arguments against socialism, as each numbered point is a separate reason. The passage's context (opposing socialism with multiple points) supports this—numbering helps present multiple arguments clearly.
• Analyze Option 2: The passage doesn't suggest the points are steps in a "process to defeat socialism" (no procedural language like "first do X, then Y to defeat...").
• Analyze Option 3: There's no indication the numbering ranks by importance (no clues like "most important" or "least important" in the passage or structure).
• Analyze Option 4: The points don't show a logical chain (e.g., point 2 isn't a result of point 1 from the given text), so this is incorrect.

Answer:

He conveys that many different arguments can be presented against socialism.