Question

packing dance floors and racking up downloads. its turned reggaetoneros like maluma, karol g, and bad bunny into international superstars. while reggaeton has caribbean roots, its rise is also an example of how different cultures meet, jam, and hybridize to create art that goes beyond borders and boundaries.
a beat that spread across the americas
as the name implies, reggaeton is related to reggae, the distinctive african - influenced music that originated in jamaica in the 1960s. during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many jamaican migrant workers had moved to panama. they brought along their homelands sounds and rhythms. eventually, the descendants of these workers embraced reggae music and began experimenting with the genre. in the late 1970s, performers like edgardo a. franco, better known as el general, a panamanian singer - songwriter of jamaican descent, inlaid reggae beats with spanish - language lyrics to create reggae en español—
eggae in spanish.\
from panama, this emerging sound spread to puerto rico in the 1990s. there, its popularity took off and it became known as reggaeton—\big reggae.\ like early rock n roll, hip - hop, and other musical styles initially embraced by rebellious youth, reggaeton met censure from critics but boomed in underground urban music scenes. especially for
question 4
what cause - and - effect relationship is described in this article?
a. digital synthesizers eliminated the need for reggaeton artists to use real vocal tracks.
b. the internet enabled increased collaboration between reggaeton artists.
c. the birth of hip - hop in the u.s. led to reggaetons emergence in puerto rico.
d. songs by beyoncé and drake resulted in reggaetons early hits on american music charts.

Explanation:

• Option A: The article does not mention digital synthesizers eliminating the need for real vocal tracks.
• Option B: The article does not state that the internet enabled increased collaboration between reggaeton artists.
• Option C: The article explains that reggaeton has Caribbean roots (related to reggae which is African - influenced) and then mentions that in the late 1970s, performers in Panama (with Jamaican descent) were experimenting. It also says that from Panama, the sound spread to Puerto Rico. There is no indication that hip - hop in the U.S. led to reggaeton's emergence in Puerto Rico.
• Option D: The first paragraph mentions that reggaeton has turned artists into international superstars. It implies that its popularity (including early hits on American music charts) could be due to collaborations or influence from major artists like Beyoncé and Drake (though the article is a bit more general, but this is the most reasonable cause - and - effect among the options).

Answer:

D. Songs by Beyoncé and Drake resulted in reggaeton's early hits on American music charts.