Question

outflow of the sympathetic division occurs from which regions of the cns?
options:

• cranial only
• cranial and sacral
• thoracic and lumbar

Explanation:

The question is about the outflow regions of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. In the sympathetic nervous system, the preganglionic neurons originate from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord (T1 - L2/L3). The options: "cranial only" is for parasympathetic (cranial and sacral), "cranial and sacral" is parasympathetic outflow, and "thoracic and lumbar" matches sympathetic outflow.

Answer:

thoracic and lumbar