Question

nonliving components (abiotic factors)
these include such things as oxygen, nitrogen, organic compounds, soil, water, and sunlight and
used in various ways by the living components.
living components (biotic factors) include
producers
producers are organisms such as plants and algae, which produce their own food from nonliving
components through photosynthesis. plants use the energy of the sun, certain minerals, and water
to synthesize food.
consumers
consumers are mostly animals, may be divided into herbivores, which eat producers; carnivores,
which eat animals; and omnivores, which eat producers and consumers.
decomposers
decomposers are mostly bacteria and fungi that break down dead organisms and return the raw
materials to the nonliving parts of the ecosystem. these nutrients are taken up by producers and
recycled back into the food web.
a food web is made up of many interrelated food chains. a food chain represents the transfer of
food energy from producers of food through a series of consumers of food. organism feeds on the
one under it in the food chain.
summary sentence: (the author is saying that...

Explanation:

The text describes ecosystem components (abiotic and biotic - producers, consumers, decomposers) and food webs/chains. A summary should encapsulate these key elements.

Answer:

The author is saying that ecosystems have non - living (abiotic) components like oxygen and living (biotic) components (producers, consumers, decomposers), and food webs (made of interrelated food chains) show food energy transfer.