Question

the new monarchies that emerged in europe during this era, such as poland, sought to strengthen themselves through a range of methods, including
select an answer
a. extending a special welcome to jewish communities and safeguarding their rights.
b. directing further crusades only against non - christians in efforts to expand the monarchies
territories.
c. a concerted resistance to papal authority.
d. an overwhelming reliance on military conquest and force.

Explanation:

During this era, some new monarchies like Poland welcomed Jewish communities and safeguarded their rights as a way to strengthen themselves. This was a strategic move for various reasons such as economic (Jews could contribute to trade and finance) and demographic (increasing the population under their rule). Option B is incorrect as the crusades were more of a medieval phenomenon and not a main method for these new monarchies. Option C - while there were some power struggles with the papacy in general European history, it wasn't a key method for these monarchies to strengthen. Option D - relying solely on military conquest was not the main approach for these monarchies as they also used other means like the one in option A.

Answer:

A. extending a special welcome to Jewish communities and safeguarding their rights.