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europe: kingdoms, feudalism, and wars unit
review sheet
you need to be able to answer the following questions:
1. what is parliament?
2. what are some of the rights guaranteed by the magna carta?
3. in what battle did william the conqueror defeat harold godwinson?
4. what was the series of conflicts between england and france between 1337 and 1453 ce called?
5. in 1071 ce, what group took control of palestine, known as the holy land to christians?

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
A parliament is a legislative body in a country, often with representatives, that makes laws, debates issues, and holds the government accountable. In European history, like in England, it evolved to limit monarchical power and represent different social classes (e.g., nobles, clergy, later commoners).
# Answer:
A parliament is a legislative assembly (often with elected or appointed representatives) that makes laws, debates public issues, and oversees the government, evolving in European kingdoms (e.g., England) to balance power with monarchs.

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
The Magna Carta (1215) guaranteed rights like limiting the king’s ability to tax without baronial consent, protecting nobles’ property rights, ensuring due process (no unlawful imprisonment), and establishing that even the king was subject to the law. It laid groundwork for legal rights and constitutional government.
# Answer:
Rights in the Magna Carta included: no arbitrary taxation (king needed barons’ consent), protection of nobles’ property, “habeas corpus” (no unlawful imprisonment), and the principle that the king was not above the law.

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy) defeated Harold Godwinson (Anglo - Saxon king of England) at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. This battle led to the Norman Conquest of England.
# Answer:
William the Conqueror defeated Harold Godwinson at the **Battle of Hastings** (1066).

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
The series of conflicts between England and France from 1337 to 1453 CE is known as the Hundred Years’ War. It was fought over territorial claims (e.g., French lands held by English kings) and succession to the French throne.
# Answer:
The conflicts between England and France (1337–1453) are called the **Hundred Years’ War**.

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
In 1071 CE, the Seljuk Turks (a Muslim Turkic group) took control of Palestine (the Holy Land to Christians). This event contributed to tensions that later spurred the Crusades, as European Christians sought to reclaim access to holy sites.
# Answer:
In 1071 CE, the **Seljuk Turks** took control of Palestine (the Holy Land).

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