Question

name: brayden douglas
period: 4/4
environmental science

wednesday and thursday: – alright, this is going to get a bit more tricky. we need to learn a few concepts, so i’ve chosen to give you videos to watch and questions to answer to ensure you watch the videos over the next two days.

first video: search youtube for \dna, chromosomes, genes, and traits: an intro to heredity\ by amoeba sisters

what is a cell:_______________________
what is dna: _______________________
what is a gene:_______________________
what are chromosomes:_______________________

youtube search for \physical vs. chemical changes – explained\ by chem academy

what is a physical change? _______________________
what is a chemical change? _______________________
give three examples of physical changes:_______________________
give three examples of chemical changes:_______________________

youtube search for \kinetic energy and potential energy\ by professor dave explains

what is kinetic energy:_______________________
what is potential energy:_______________________

if i throw a ball upward, gravity will slow it down as it goes up. until it reaches the top of the toss, what is happening to the potential energy the ball has from the time i threw it till it reached the peak of the toss?_______________________
what happens to the kinetic energy during that same time?_______________________

finally, watch
eil degrasse tyson explains the electromagnetic spectrum\ by startalk
we will discuss this one when i am back, as it is more complex than the earlier concepts.

Answer:

To answer these questions, you need to watch the specified YouTube videos and extract the relevant information. Here's a guide on how to approach each section:

1. From “DNA, Chromosomes, Genes, and Traits: An Intro to Heredity” (Amoeba Sisters)

• What is a cell?

A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life that can perform essential life processes (e.g., growth, reproduction, metabolism).

• What is DNA?

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions (blueprint) for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. It has a double - helix structure.

• What is a gene?

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions to make a specific protein (or a functional RNA molecule). Genes are the basic units of heredity and determine traits (e.g., eye color, blood type).

• What are chromosomes?

Chromosomes are thread - like structures made of DNA and proteins (histones) that are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. They carry genetic information in the form of genes and are visible during cell division.

2. From “Physical Vs. Chemical Changes – Explained” (Chem Academy)

• What is a physical change?

A physical change is a change in the form or appearance of a substance without changing its chemical composition. The substance remains the same at the molecular level (e.g., phase changes like melting, freezing, or changes in shape/size).

• What is a chemical change?

A chemical change (or chemical reaction) is a process where one or more substances are transformed into new substances with different chemical properties and compositions. Chemical bonds are broken and new ones are formed.

• Three examples of physical changes
• Melting of ice (solid water becomes liquid water, no new substance is formed).
• Dissolving sugar in water (the sugar can be recovered by evaporation, and the chemical nature of sugar and water remains the same).
• Cutting a piece of paper (only the size and shape of the paper change, not its chemical identity).
• Three examples of chemical changes
• Burning of wood (wood is converted into ash, carbon dioxide, and water vapor; new substances are formed).
• Rusting of iron (iron reacts with oxygen and water to form iron oxide, a new substance).
• Digestion of food (food is broken down into simpler substances like glucose, amino acids, etc., through chemical reactions in the body).

3. From “Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy” (Professor Dave Explains)

• What is Kinetic energy?

Kinetic energy (KE) is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. The formula for translational kinetic energy is $KE=\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}$, where $m$ is the mass of the object and $v$ is its velocity.

• What is Potential Energy?

Potential energy (PE) is stored energy that an object has due to its position or state. For example, gravitational potential energy is given by $PE = mgh$, where $m$ is mass, $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity, and $h$ is the height of the object above a reference point. Elastic potential energy is stored in stretched or compressed springs.

• Potential energy of a ball thrown upward

As the ball is thrown upward and moves towards the peak of its toss, its height ($h$) above the ground is increasing. Since gravitational potential energy $PE = mgh$, and $m$ (mass of the ball) and $g$ (acceleration due to gravity) are constant, the potential energy of the ball is increasing.

• Kinetic energy of the ball during the same time

The ball is slowing down as it moves upward because of gravity. Kinetic energy $KE=\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}$. Since the velocity ($v$) of the ball is decreasing (while mass $m$ remains constant), the kinetic energy of the ball is decreasing. The kinetic energy is being converted into potential energy (ignoring air resistance).

4. From “Neil deGrasse Tyson Explains the Electromagnetic Spectrum” (Startalk)

Since the problem states this will be discussed later, you can watch the video to understand the electromagnetic spectrum (the range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X - rays, and gamma rays) and be prepared for the discussion.

To get the most accurate answers, it is recommended that you watch each video carefully and take notes on the key concepts explained.