Question

multiple select question

select all that apply

the combination of which three of the following most contributes to conduct problems in children?

violent neighborhood
bad elementary school teachers
ineffective parenting
genetic inheritance
family lack of religiosity

Explanation:

Analyze the question requirements

The question asks to identify the combination of three factors that most contribute to conduct problems in children from the five options provided. Conduct problems (such as conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder) are widely understood in developmental psychology to have a multi-factorial etiology, typically involving a mix of biological/genetic, familial, and environmental/societal influences.

Evaluate the options based on developmental research

Let's evaluate each option to see which three are most strongly supported by empirical research as primary contributors to conduct problems:

1. violent neighborhood: Environmental/community factors, such as exposure to neighborhood violence, are well-documented risk factors that contribute to aggressive behavior and conduct problems in children.
2. bad elementary school teachers: While school environment matters, "bad elementary school teachers" is not a standard, primary systemic risk factor in the established developmental models of conduct problems compared to family, genetics, and neighborhood violence.
3. ineffective parenting: Family dynamics, particularly harsh, inconsistent, or ineffective parenting, represent one of the most robust and consistently replicated risk factors for the development of conduct problems.
4. genetic inheritance: Behavioral genetics studies (twin and adoption studies) show a significant heritable component to aggressive and antisocial behaviors, making genetic predisposition a primary biological contributor.
5. family lack of religiosity: There is no strong, direct empirical consensus linking a simple lack of family religiosity as a primary developmental cause of clinical conduct problems.

Synthesize the three primary factors

The three factors that align with the classic biopsychosocial model of conduct problems (combining nature, nurture/family, and broader ecological environment) are:

• violent neighborhood (environmental/ecological)
• ineffective parenting (familial/nurture)
• genetic inheritance (biological/nature)

Answer:

• violent neighborhood (Correct answer)
• bad elementary school teachers
• ineffective parenting (Correct answer)
• genetic inheritance (Correct answer)
• family lack of religiosity