Question

multiple choice

1. the area of the ocean in which sound waves,

especially low frequency waves, can travel
uninterrupted for thousands of kilometers is
called the
a. deep scattering layer.
b. deep sound channel.
c. depth profile.
d. thermocline.

1. inorganic carbon that dissolves in the ocean from

the atmosphere is converted into organic
compounds by
a. buffering.
b. cellular respiration.
c. photosynthesis.
d. sedimentation.

1. how do rising atmospheric levels of co₂ affect

ocean chemistry?
a. the ph of ocean water decreases.
b. the ph of ocean water increases.
c. there is a decrease of co₃² and h⁺ in ocean
water.
d. it becomes more difficult for calcium
carbonate to dissolve in ocean water.

1. which of the following does not contain

hydrogen bonds?
a. ice crystals
b. liquid water
c. water vapor
d. all of the above

1. water’s ability to absorb a lot of heat with a

relatively small increase in temperature is due
to its
a. low specific heat.
b. high heat capacity.
c. moderate temperature.
d. varying density.

Explanation:

1. The Deep Sound Channel is the area where sound waves (especially low - frequency) can travel long distances. The Deep Scattering Layer is related to scattering of sound by organisms. A depth profile is a general description of depth - related properties. The thermocline is a layer of rapid temperature change.
2. Photosynthesis converts inorganic carbon (e.g., \(CO_2\)) into organic compounds. Buffering is related to pH regulation. Cellular respiration produces \(CO_2\). Sedimentation is the process of particles settling.
3. When \(CO_2\) dissolves in water, it forms carbonic acid (\(H_2CO_3\)) which dissociates into \(H^+\) and \(HCO_3^-\). An increase in \(H^+\) lowers the pH (since \(pH=-\log[H^+]\)).
4. In ice crystals and liquid water, hydrogen bonds are present. In water vapor (gaseous state), the molecules are far apart and hydrogen bonds are broken.
5. High heat capacity means that a substance can absorb a large amount of heat with a relatively small temperature change. Specific heat is related to heat capacity. Moderate temperature and varying density are not the reasons for this property.

Answer:

1. B. Deep Sound Channel
2. C. photosynthesis
3. A. The pH of ocean water decreases
4. C. water vapor
5. B. high heat capacity