Question

multiple choice 10 pointswhich of the following statements about mitochondrial chemiosmosis is not true?heat energy is required to establish the electron transport chain.proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane play an important role in atp synthesis.a proton gradient is established across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.the potential energy released from the mitochondrial proton gradient is used to produce atp.the mitochondrial proton gradient provides energy for muscle contraction.

Explanation:

• In mitochondrial chemiosmosis, the electron transport chain is established by the energy from electron carriers (NADH and FADH₂), not heat energy.
• Proteins (such as ATP synthase) in the inner mitochondrial membrane are crucial for ATP synthesis.
• A proton gradient is indeed formed across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
• The potential energy from the proton gradient drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase.
• The proton gradient's energy is mainly for ATP production, not directly for muscle contraction (ATP produced is used for muscle contraction).

Answer:

Heat energy is required to establish the electron transport chain.