Question

money for a personal loan is usually issued to the borrower
as needed over time.
in small sums.
in one lump sum.
without collateral.

Explanation:

Personal loans are typically disbursed to the borrower in one lump sum. This is a standard practice in lending for personal loans, where the full approved amount is given to the borrower at once, unlike some other types of loans that might be disbursed over time or in small amounts. Also, personal loans can be either secured (with collateral) or unsecured, so "without collateral" is not a defining characteristic of how the money is issued. "As needed over time" and "in small sums" are not typical for personal loan disbursement.

Answer:

C. in one lump sum