Question

migrant farm workers
in the 1960s, migrant farm workers, who traveled to the u.s. for seasonal work,
labored under horrible conditions. they were paid low wages, had no access to toilets in
the fields where they worked, and lived in unheated shacks. how could farm laborers with
no voice combat this problem? activists cesar chavez and dolores huerta joined forces to
help them. they created a union called the united farm workers, or ufw, and organized
california grape pickers to leave the fields and go on strike. they also initiated a boycott,
convincing millions of people around the country to stop buying california grapes from
nonunion growers. by 1970, many grape growers had signed an agreement with the
ufw, promising higher wages, better working conditions, and health - care benefits.
what is the main, or central, idea of the passage?
activists cesar chavez and dolores huerta cofounded the united farm
workers union.
cesar chavez and dolores huerta organized farm workers to get better pay
and working conditions.
in the 1960s, migrant farm workers worked in harsh environments for low
pay, but they lacked a way to fight for better working conditions.

Explanation:

The passage first describes the poor working conditions of migrant farm workers in the 1960s. Then it introduces Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta who took actions (created a union, organized strikes, initiated a boycott) to help the workers. Finally, it mentions the result (grape growers signed agreements for better pay and conditions). The main idea should cover both the problem (workers' plight) and the solution (organizing by Chavez and Huerta). The first option only mentions co - founding the union, which is part of the story but not the whole. The third option only focuses on the workers' problem without the solution part. The second option "Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta organized farm workers to get better pay and working conditions" encompasses both the action (organizing) and the goal (better pay and conditions), which is the central idea.

Answer:

Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta organized farm workers to get better pay and working conditions.