Question

match the words with their definition.

1. mutation
2. mitosis
3. crossing over
4. mutagen
5. nucleotide
6. missense mutation
7. amino acid
8. codon
9. gene
10. nondisjunction
11. gene mutation
12. insertion
13. substitution
14. deletion
15. silent mutation
16. meiosis
17. chromosome mutation
18. nonsense mutation
19. frameshift mutation
20. inversion
21. duplication
22. translocation
23. gamete
24. variation
25. disorder

a. occurs when a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end
b. a sex cell; contains only half a genetic code
c. 3 nucleotides which code for an amino acid
d. a section of dna which codes for a specific protein
e. an error in dna
f. the process of creating new identical body cells
g. when a mutation does not cause health issues its referred to as this
h. in meiosis, the process where pieces of 2 chromosomes exchange with one another
i. when a mutation creates a stop coon
j. the building blocks of protein
k. factors which cause mutations
l. a mutation which affects an entire chromosome
m. when an extra nucleotide is added
n. when a mutation causes health problems it is called this
o. when sister chromatids fail to separate during anaphase, this has happened.
p. the process of creating gametes
q. when a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another, resulting in mutation
r. a mutation which causes all following amino acids to be
ead\ incorrectly
s. one \letter\ in dna
t. a mutation which changes only one amino acid
u. a mutation which only affects one gene and protein
v. a gene mutation which occurs when one nucleotide is swapped for another
w. a chromosome mutation which occurs when a part of one chromosome is copied
x. a gene mutation which occurs when one nucleotide is removed
y. a mutation which has no effect on the protein

Explanation:

1. Mutation is an error in DNA, so 1 - E.
2. Mitosis is the process of creating new identical body cells, so 2 - F.
3. Crossing - Over is in meiosis where pieces of 2 chromosomes exchange with one another, so 3 - H.
4. Mutagen are factors which cause mutations, so 4 - K.
5. Nucleotide is one "letter" in DNA, so 5 - S.
6. Missense Mutation is a mutation which changes only one amino acid, so 6 - T.
7. Amino Acid are the building blocks of protein, so 7 - J.
8. Codon is 3 nucleotides which code for an amino acid, so 8 - C.
9. Gene is a section of DNA which codes for a specific protein, so 9 - D.
10. Nondisjunction is when sister chromatids fail to separate during anaphase, so 10 - O.
11. Gene Mutation is a mutation which only affects one gene and protein, so 11 - U.
12. Insertion is when an extra nucleotide is added, so 12 - M.
13. Substitution is a gene mutation which occurs when one nucleotide is swapped for another, so 13 - V.
14. Deletion is a gene mutation which occurs when one nucleotide is removed, so 14 - X.
15. Silent Mutation is a mutation which has no effect on the protein, so 15 - Y.
16. Meiosis is the process of creating gametes, so 16 - P.
17. Chromosome Mutation is when a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another, resulting in mutation, so 17 - Q.
18. Nonsense Mutation is when a mutation creates a stop codon, so 18 - I.
19. Frameshift Mutation is a mutation to be "read" incorrectly, so 19 - R.
20. Inversion occurs when a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end, so 20 - A.
21. Duplication is a chromosome mutation which occurs when a part of one chromosome is copied, so 21 - W.
22. Translocation is not clearly defined in the given options but based on general knowledge it is related to chromosome - level changes. However, from the given options, no perfect match.
23. Gamete is a sex cell; contains only half a genetic code, so 23 - B.
24. Variation is not clearly defined in the given options but generally refers to differences in genetic makeup. No perfect match from given options.
25. Disorder is when a mutation causes health problems it is called this, so 25 - N.

Answer:

1. E
2. F
3. H
4. K
5. S
6. T
7. J
8. C
9. D
10. O
11. U
12. M
13. V
14. X
15. Y
16. P
17. Q
18. I
19. R
20. A
21. W
22. (No perfect match)
23. B
24. (No perfect match)
25. N