Question

life sciences/grade 11
question 3
3.1 the diagram below shows a longitudinal section through a human kidney
3.1.1 provide labels for a and c
3.1.2 give the letter and name of the part where filtration of blood occurs
3.1.3 state the function of part numbered d
3.1.4 explain how the functioning of the kidney will be affected if part d is blocked by a large kidney stone.

Explanation:

3.1.1: A is the renal cortex and C is the renal pelvis. The renal cortex is the outer - layer of the kidney and the renal pelvis is the funnel - shaped structure that collects urine.
3.1.2: Filtration of blood occurs in the renal corpuscles which are mainly located in the renal cortex (A).
3.1.3: Part D is the ureter. Its function is to transport urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
3.1.4: If the ureter (D) is blocked by a large kidney stone, urine cannot flow out of the kidney. This will cause a build - up of pressure in the kidney, leading to hydronephrosis (swelling of the kidney due to urine accumulation), decreased kidney function over time as the normal urine - drainage process is disrupted, and possible pain and infection.

Answer:

3.1.1: A. Renal cortex; C. Renal pelvis
3.1.2: A. Renal cortex
3.1.3: D. Ureter; Transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
3.1.4: Urine build - up in the kidney, hydronephrosis, decreased kidney function, possible pain and infection.