lesson objectives
describe mendel’s studies and conclusions about inheritance.
describe what happens during segregation.
lesson summary
the experiments of gregor mendel the delivery of characteristics from parents to offspring is heredity. the scientific study of heredity is genetics. gregor mendel founded modern genetics with his experiments on a convenient model system, pea plants:
- fertilization is the process in which reproductive cells (egg from the female and sperm from the male) join to produce a new cell.
- a trait is a specific characteristic, such as (in peas) seed color or plant height.
- mendel prevented self - pollination in the peas. he controlled fertilization so he could study how traits passed from one generation to the next.
- he created hybrids, which are crosses between true - breeding parents (the p generation) with different traits.
- these hybrids were the f₁ (first filial) generation.
- they each showed the characteristic of only one parent.
- mendel found that traits are controlled by factors that pass from parent to offspring. those factors are genes. the different forms of a gene are alleles.
- mendel’s principle of dominance states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive. the recessive allele is exhibited only when the dominant allele is not present.
segregation mendel allowed members of the f₁ generation to self - pollinate. the trait controlled by the recessive allele appeared in the next generation (f₂) in about one - fourth of the offspring—even when it did not appear in the f₁ generation.
- separation of alleles is segregation.
- when gametes (sex cells) form, alleles segregate so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.
- the f₂ generation gets a new combination of alleles: one from each parent.
the experiments of gregor mendel
match the term with its definition.
term definition
______ 1. genes a. specific characteristics that vary among individuals
______ 2. hybrids b. the offspring of true - breeding parents with different traits
______ 3. traits c. factors that determine traits
______ 4. alleles d. sex cells, egg or sperm
______ 5. gametes e. the different forms of a gene

Question

lesson objectives
describe mendel’s studies and conclusions about inheritance.
describe what happens during segregation.
lesson summary
the experiments of gregor mendel the delivery of characteristics from parents to offspring is heredity. the scientific study of heredity is genetics. gregor mendel founded modern genetics with his experiments on a convenient model system, pea plants:
- fertilization is the process in which reproductive cells (egg from the female and sperm from the male) join to produce a new cell.
- a trait is a specific characteristic, such as (in peas) seed color or plant height.
- mendel prevented self - pollination in the peas. he controlled fertilization so he could study how traits passed from one generation to the next.
- he created hybrids, which are crosses between true - breeding parents (the p generation) with different traits.
  - these hybrids were the f₁ (first filial) generation.
  - they each showed the characteristic of only one parent.
- mendel found that traits are controlled by factors that pass from parent to offspring. those factors are genes. the different forms of a gene are alleles.
- mendel’s principle of dominance states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive. the recessive allele is exhibited only when the dominant allele is not present.
segregation mendel allowed members of the f₁ generation to self - pollinate. the trait controlled by the recessive allele appeared in the next generation (f₂) in about one - fourth of the offspring—even when it did not appear in the f₁ generation.
- separation of alleles is segregation.
- when gametes (sex cells) form, alleles segregate so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.
- the f₂ generation gets a new combination of alleles: one from each parent.
the experiments of gregor mendel
match the term with its definition.
term  definition
______ 1. genes  a. specific characteristics that vary among individuals
______ 2. hybrids  b. the offspring of true - breeding parents with different traits
______ 3. traits  c. factors that determine traits
______ 4. alleles  d. sex cells, egg or sperm
______ 5. gametes  e. the different forms of a gene

Accepted Answer

# Brief Explanations:
- **Genes**: As per the text, "traits are controlled by factors that pass from parent to offspring. Those factors are genes." So genes are factors that determine traits (C).
- **Hybrids**: "He created hybrids, which are crosses between true - breeding parents (the P generation) with different traits." So hybrids are the offspring of true - breeding parents with different traits (B).
- **Traits**: "A trait is a specific characteristic, such as (in peas) seed color or plant height." So traits are specific characteristics that vary among individuals (A).
- **Alleles**: "The different forms of a gene are alleles." So alleles are the different forms of a gene (E).
- **Gametes**: "When gametes (sex cells) form..." So gametes are sex cells, egg or sperm (D).

# Answer:
1. C. Factors that determine traits
2. B. The offspring of true - breeding parents with different traits
3. A. Specific characteristics that vary among individuals
4. E. The different forms of a gene
5. D. Sex cells, egg or sperm

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