Question

lesson 2, continued
portugal leads the way;
spain also makes claims
how did portugal lead the way in
exploration?
the son of portugals king, prince
henry, was committed to the idea of
exploring. in 1419, he started a school
of navigation. sea captains, mapmakers,
and navigators met and exchanged ideas
there. portugal made the best use of the
new sailing technology, and the
portuguese monarchy also invested in
overseas exploration.
over the next few decades, portuguese
captains sailed farther and farther down
the west coast of africa. in 1488,
bartolomeu dias reached the southern
tip of africa. ten years later, vasco da
gama led a ship around africa, to india
and back. the portuguese had found a
sea route to asia.
the spanish, meanwhile, had plans of
their own. christopher columbus
convinced the king and queen that he
could reach asia by sailing west. in
1492, instead of landing in asia,
columbus touched land in the islands of
the americas. spain and portugal
argued over which nation had the rights
to the land that columbus had claimed.
in 1494, they signed the treaty of
tordesillas. it divided the world into two
areas. portugal won the right to control
the eastern parts—including africa,
india, and other parts of asia. spain
got the western parts—including most
of the americas.

1. how did spain and portugal solve

their differences over claims to new
lands?

trading empires in the indian
ocean
who established trading empires in
the indian ocean?
portugal moved quickly to make the
new indian ocean route pay off.
through military might, portugal
gained power over islands that were
rich in desirable spices. they were
called the spice islands. spices now cost
europeans one - fifth of what they had
cost before, while still making portugal
very wealthy.
other european nations joined in this
trade. in the 1600s, the english and
dutch entered the east indies. they
quickly broke portuguese power in the
area. then both nations set up an east
india company to control asian trade.
these companies were more than
businesses. they were like governments.
they had the power to make money,
sign treaties, and raise their own armies.
the dutch east india company was
richer and more powerful than
englands company.
by 1700, the dutch ruled much of
indonesia. they had trading posts in
many other asian countries and
commanded the southern tip of africa.
at the same time, both england and
france finally gained footholds in india.
nevertheless, even though europeans
controlled the trade between asia and
europe, they had little impact on most
people living in these areas.

1. how did the dutch and english

become indian ocean trading
powers?

Explanation:

For question 2: The text states that in 1494, Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas. This treaty divided the world into two areas. Portugal got the eastern parts (including Africa, India, and other parts of Asia), and Spain got the western parts (including most of the Americas).
For question 3: The text mentions that in the 1600s, the English and Dutch entered the East Indies. They quickly broke Portuguese power in the area. Then both nations set up an East India Company to control Asian trade. These companies were like governments with powers such as making money, signing treaties, and raising armies.

Answer:

1. Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494. It divided the world into two areas. Portugal won the right to control the eastern parts (including Africa, India, and other parts of Asia), and Spain got the western parts (including most of the Americas).
2. In the 1600s, the English and Dutch entered the East Indies. They quickly broke Portuguese power in the area. Then both nations set up an East India Company to control Asian trade. These companies were like governments with powers such as making money, signing treaties, and raising armies.