Question

1. o king! the city of madurai was famed for its sweet beauty, but has now become the city of wild animals since the muslims conquered it in 1335. its famed hindu temple has been reduced to rubble. the mighty kaveri river used to flow in its proper channels because our fourteenth - century hindu rulers of the past had curbed it with dams. but now, the river flows without discipline like her new muslim lords because the dams have been damaged beyond repair. my lord, it is hard to say whether we get more troubled by hearing the owls that now live in our abandoned gardens, or get more perturbed by the persian language uttered by the pet - parrots from the houses of the muslims. there is no agriculture left, as the angry lord indra has stopped sending rain. my king! the vedas have disappeared. with dharma gone, character and nobleness have disappeared. my king, this sword that you hold is now placed into your lotus - hands by divine providence. take it and without further delay uproot from my lands this muslim kingdom. go forth my dear lord, win your victory, and establish one hundred victory pillars! the hindu god of the heavens who brings thunder and rain speech of a female petitioner from the south indian city of madurai made at the court of the king of vijayanagara, a hindu empire in south india. the speech is recorded in a fourteenth - century poem written by a princess of vijayanagara describing vijayanagaras conquest of the muslim sultanate of madurai in 1378. which of the following best describes a claim made in the first paragraph? a. hindu rulers had constructed irrigation works to control the kaveri river. b. wild animals destroyed madurais hindu temple. c. the kaveri river flooded and destroyed the city of madurai. d. the city of madurais hindu temple was renowned for its beauty. 6. which of the following was the main reason that buddhist thought had important social implications for south asia? a. it encouraged larger family size. b. its followers were incorporated into the brahman caste. c. it challenged hierarchies based on caste. d. it reinforced the idea of obedience to the emperor as a means to salvation. 7. which of the following describes a similarity between aztec (mexica) civilization and incan civilization? a. both had highly centralized governments developed around a bureaucracy. b. both had similar systems of taxation and tribute to support their centralized government. c. both had polytheistic religions which involved human sacrifice. d. both were known for extensive road building to unite their empires.

Explanation:

1. Analyzing the first - paragraph text, it mentions that Hindu rulers had curbed the Kaveri River with proper channels, which implies they constructed irrigation works to control it.
2. Buddhist thought in South Asia challenged the existing caste - based hierarchies. It offered an alternative social and religious perspective that was different from the Brahmanical caste - based order.
3. Both the Aztec and Incan civilizations were known for extensive road - building to unite their empires. The Aztecs had a network of roads in their empire, and the Incas had a remarkable road system that facilitated communication and control over their large territory.

Answer:

1. A. Hindu rulers had constructed irrigation works to control the Kaveri River.
2. C. It challenged hierarchies based on caste.
3. D. Both were known for extensive road building to unite their empires.